| 商标注册之“国” 禁 |
| 添加时间：2018/1/20 17:22:37 浏览次数： |
| 选择名称注册商标时有很多禁忌的“坑”，有些相对权的小坑还能勉强蹦过去，有些明令禁止的大坑一蹦就掉进去。 There are many taboo pits when choosing names and registered trademarks, and some small holes with relative rights can barely skip over. Some of the banned big pits jump into it. 其中，包含国名、带国字的词汇的坑尤其大。 Among them, the pits which contain the name of the country and the word of the country are especially large. 下面笔者从实例分析一下国名、国字商标坑有多大。 The following is an example of how big the name of the country and the trademark pit of the Chinese character are. 劲牌有限公司（下称劲酒公司）指定申请在第33类“白酒、黄酒”等项目上的“中国劲酒”商标，该商标自2005年提出申请即遭到商标局的驳回，理由是该商标违反了《中华人民共和国商标法2001修正版》第十条一款（一）项遭到驳回。 Ltd (hereinafter referred to as the wine company) designated application in thirty-third kinds of liquor, Yellow Wine "project" Chinese wine "trademark, the trademark application was rejected since 2005 that the Trademark Office, the reasons are the trademarks in violation of the" People's Republic of China 2001 "trademark law revision tenth a (a) from rejected. 该规定内容下列标志不得作为商标使用： （一）同中华人民共和国的国家名称、国旗、国徽、军旗、勋章相同或者近似的，以及同中央国家机关所在地特定地点的名称或者标志性建筑物的名称、图形相同的规定； The provisions of the following signs may be used as trademarks: (a) with People's Republic of China's national name, national flag, national emblem, flag medal, or similar to the name or location, and with the central state organs to specific locations or landmark graphics the same rules; 那么我们不禁要问，中国劲酒仅仅是同国名相同还是相近了？商标中明明并非只包含中国二字，而是将中国与劲酒公司在先注册的劲酒组合，中国二字应该只是标识了申请人所属国名之用，这样也违法？可是，中国移动，中国联通，中国石油，中国石化这些商标也是一样包含“中国”二字啊，为什么他们就能注册呢？ So we have to ask, is just the same with Chinese wine or similar? It is not only contains two words China trademark, but the Chinese and wine company registered the wine portfolio, China two words should be identified by the applicant, such illegal? However, such trademarks as China Mobile, China Unicom, PetroChina and Sinopec also contain the two word "China". Why can they register? 这就需要了解几个概念： This requires a few concepts: 一、个案认定和另案救济 A case, identification and other relief 我们仅从中国劲酒商标实际图样来分析：商标中的中国、酒字字体为常用字体、占比面积较小，劲字经设计、面积占比较大，在商标中极为突出，应为商标的显著部分。中国二字并未突出体现，按劲酒公司的申请人所属国的解释也较为合理。 We are only from the actual pattern to analyze China wine trademark trademark: in China, character font font, commonly used for wine accounted for a smaller, character design, strength area accounted for relatively large, the trademark is very outstanding, should be a significant part of the trademark. China two words did not highlight, according to wine company applicants nationality explanation is more reasonable. 但实际上，在商标初步审查时候采取个案认定原则（也称个案判定），是指在一件商标审查审理过程中，对在先案例一般不予参考，即其他在先注册的合法性、合理性并不当然作为当前案件的审查审理的依据。 But in fact, in case when a preliminary review of trademark recognition principle (also known as the case, judge) refers to a trademark review proceedings, on the first case is generally not reference, other legitimacy, rationality of prior registration does not of course as the basis of trial case review. 因此，在审查审理时只考虑本案商标可能存在的违法、权利冲突等情况，即使申请商标存在一定合理性，申请人也只能通过驳回复审等后续行政及司法程序（此处另案是相对于初审程序，而非完全独立的案件）进行说理、辩驳和救济；个案认定原则也是商标局、商标评审委员会相对统一的案件认定原则。 Therefore, only the case of possible illegal trademark, conflict of rights and consideration in the review of the trial, even if the trademark is rational, the applicant also dismissed the review only through subsequent judicial and administrative procedures (here is a relative to the preliminary procedures, rather than fully independent cases) argue and dispute and relief; the case is the cognizance of the Trademark Office and the Trademark Review and Adjudication Board relatively unified cognizance principle. 这一原则便利确权审查机构，但可能使得商标注册申请的不可预测性加大。 This principle is facilitated by the authority to examine the authority, but it may increase the unpredictability of the application for trademark registration. 二、单方审查审理（无互动） Two, unilateral review of trial (no interaction) 在审查之初，国内的商标审查人员对于可能存在违法、权利冲突等情况并不会主动询问并给予申请人解释的互动机会，之前官方曾有提到审查意见书，大概N年了，笔者是从未收到过。截止目前也仅在2012年代理的一件香港商标申请中有收到过，审查意见是怀疑商标申请不真诚，侵害他人商业信誉，抢注他人商标。 At the beginning of the review, the domestic trademark examiners would not actively ask for and give the applicant an opportunity to explain for the possibility of illegality or conflict of rights. Before that, officials had mentioned the review opinion for about N years. The author never received it. Up till now, only one trademark application in Hongkong has been received in 2012. The examination opinion is doubtful that the application of trademark is insincere, infringing on others' business reputation and rush to others' trademark. 因此，在申请前尽量避开这些大坑，否则一旦掉进去，爬出来挺费劲。 So, try to avoid these pits before applying, or if they fall in, it's hard to climb out. 三、行政程序的机械僵化和裁量 Three. Mechanical rigidification and discretion of administrative procedures 商标行政程序的审查并不像司法审判那样具有较高的、天然的能动性（裁量），至少不会主动参考先例和类推，因此不免存在审查审理机械化、僵化，尤其是当商标局驳回了某个申请，商标评审委员会则仅能就申请商标是否违反了相关法律程序进行审理，并不会主动审理该驳回理由及法条适用是否存在错误；是否无权审理还是其他原因我们并不知晓。但是对于商标申请人而言，一个错误的裁定，申请人将等上数月甚至数年时间（我们并非有意去批评这种机械性，很可能是体制上决定的，作为审查人员个人也无能为力）。 The trademark administrative procedure review and initiative of natural justice as that high, (discretion), at least not active reference precedent and analogy, and therefore not existing examination proceedings of mechanical and rigid, especially when the Trademark Office rejected an application for trademark review and Adjudication Board, they can only apply for trademark is a violation of the the relevant legal proceedings, and will not take the initiative to hear the reason for rejection and Law shall apply if there is an error; if no trial or other reasons, we do not know. But for trademark applicants, a wrong ruling will be waiting for months or even years. We are not intending to criticize the mechanic. It is very likely that the system is decided by the system. As a censor, there is nothing for the individual. 因此，如果不想被误判误裁，申请人前期请先考察好环境，不要明知是坑还往里跳。 Therefore, if you do not want to be misjudged and misjudged, please look at the environment in the early stage, and do not know that the pit is hopping in the pit. 四、《商标审查及审理标准》中与国名相同或相近的企事业单位简称的特别规定 Four. Special provisions for short for short of enterprises and institutions with the same or similar names in the standard for trademark examination and trial 商标含有与我国国家名称相同或近似的文字，但其整体是企事业单位简称（适用此条需具备以下条件：申请人主体资格应当是经国务院或其授权的机关批准设立的，申请人名称应经名称登记机关依法登记；申请商标与申请人名称的简称一致，简称是经国务院或其授权机关批准） With our country name trademark contains the same or similar words, but the whole is referred to as enterprises and institutions (for this article with the following conditions: the applicant qualification shall be approved by the State Council or its authorized agencies approved by the name, the name of the applicant registration organ, and apply for a trademark; name of applicant is referred to as approved by the State Council or its authorized agencies) 因此，申请人主体资格也是较高门槛，若申请人企业名称中不包含中国，其简称、甚至商标也无从谈起。 Therefore, the applicant's main qualification is also a high threshold. If the name of the applicant does not contain China, the name of the applicant and even the trademark cannot be discussed. 我们回到中国劲酒案，该案历经驳回（商标局阶段）、 驳回复审（商评委阶段）、一审（中院）、 二审（北京市高院）、 再审（最高人民法院）、发回重审（评审委）多个程序时长六年，司法终审认定该商标中含有“中国”国名，国名是国家的象征，如果允许随意将国名作为商标的组成要素予以注册并作为商业使用，将导致国家名称的滥用，损害国家尊严，也可能对社会公共利 We return to the Chinese wine case, after the case dismissed (the Trademark Office (stage), the judges dismissed the review stage, first instance) (intermediate) and second (Beijing High Court), retrial (Supreme Court), remand (jury) a program is six years long, the final judicial trial finds the trademark contains "Chinese" name, the name is a symbol of the country, if allowed to name as an element of a trademark registration and for commercial use, will lead to the abuse of the name of the country, harm national dignity, may also be of public interests. |
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